[Introduction to New Intelligence] Some time ago, OpenAI CEO Sam Altman and CTO Mira Murati discussed AGI, the future development of GPT, and the impact of AI on humanity in an exclusive interview with WSJ.

“Why is OpenAI’s ultimate goal AGI? What is AGI?”

“What are ChatGPT and other language models used for?”

“How will the relationship between humans and artificial intelligence change in the future?”

At the 2023 Wall Street Journal (WSJ) technology press conference, OpenAI CEO Sam Altman and CTO Mira Murati discussed artificial general intelligence (AGI), the development of future GPT models, and the impact of artificial intelligence on humans Impact.

Nine years ago, Sam Altman said at a Wall Street Journal conference that artificial intelligence causing human unemployment was something that would not happen for a long time and that we did not need to worry too much about.

Less than a decade later, Altman and the company he co-founded, OpenAI, released an artificially intelligent chatbot called ChatGPT.

It can write emails, business plans, and even code that would have been unimaginable nine years ago.

When discussing the current impact and impact of artificial intelligence on human society, Altman remains optimistic, but more cautious than nine years ago.

OpenAI’s ultimate goal: AGI

AGI, this concept has been endowed with infinite beautiful imagination by people since its birth.

The same goes for Altman, who believes that AGI will be the most outstanding creation ever created by mankind.

Armed with this great tool, humans are able to solve the world’s problems today and create unimaginable new things for ourselves, each other, and the world.

At that time, humans will have more creative means of self-expression. But Altman is certain that these changes will bring huge benefits to humanity.

“In nine years, when the Wall Street Journal invites me, you may ask: Why do we think humans don’t want AGI to arrive?”

So when will AGI appear? And how can people tell when AGI is coming?

Altman defines AGI as something we don’t have yet. Ten years ago, people might have thought that something like GPT-4 or GPT-5 was AGI.

But now, GPT-4 is just seen as a pretty good “little chatbot”.

People’s benchmark threshold requirements for AGI are getting higher and higher, which requires people to put more and more efforts into artificial intelligence.

Altman said, “Humans are now close enough to the threshold of AGI that improving the ability of AI becomes less important. The problem we currently face is how to define AGI.”
GPT-5: Solve “illusion” and data copyright issues

OpenAI has released multiple versions of GPT since its inception, each version more powerful than the last.

In March this year, OpenAI released its latest model-GPT-4. But people are still full of expectations about OpenAI’s next model: Is GPT-5 under development?

Faced with this problem, Mira Murati, CTO of OpenAI, responded, “We are not there yet.”

But she also said that OpenAI is always working on the next thing, like reducing model hallucinations: A future release of GPT-5 will work on solving the hallucination problem that now plagues models.

Mira said that although GPT-4 has made great progress on the hallucination problem, it is still some way away from completely solving the hallucination problem.

But OpenAI has been on the right track to solve the problem: reinforcement learning with human feedback (RLHF), allowing the model to output truly reliable content.

In addition, OpenAI also reduces the problem of model illusion by integrating multiple technologies, such as adding inspection and search capabilities to the model, and providing more factual data to the model to ensure that users can obtain more factual output from the model.

But for OpenAI, copyright has always been a controversy.

Not only the data used to train the model, but also the content generated by the model often involves copyright protection issues.

Many publishers and writers have protested against OpenAI’s infringement.

Altman discussed data usage and data ownership issues from another perspective.

In the future, OpenAI’s new model will become infrastructure that everyone can use, which means the way you think about data ownership and economic flows will change.

Now, OpenAI is working to establish partnerships with different data rights holders, but as models become more intelligent and capable, less and less data will be needed to train models in the future.

But current models still require as much data as possible produced by humans when training. However, Altman said that this will not be the long-term future development path of the model, because what really matters in the future is valuable data.

As OpenAI advances technologically, the conversation around data and ownership will shift.
The future of humans and AI

The first is the relationship between humans and AI.

On September 25, OpenAI added more personalization features to GPT-4. ChatGPT can now see, listen, and speak.

The newly added voice function of GPT-4 is quite user-friendly, and communication with people is very natural.

It is foreseeable that ubiquitous AI will soon become a reality of human life.

In the future, we cannot avoid interacting with artificial intelligence, and this brings up a question: how humans should treat their relationship with artificial intelligence.

And OpenAI and other companies that train the models have some control over the artificial intelligence that forms relationships with people.

This will be an unsettling future in which these artificial intelligences may become friends and even companions of humans.

But Altman made it clear that he doesn’t want people to develop a close relationship with artificial intelligence that goes beyond human friends: Artificial intelligence is different from humans. Maybe these systems are full of personality, but this has nothing to do with human nature.

Therefore, when communicating with artificial intelligence, you need to be different from communicating with humans.

“The reason why we named the model ChatGPT instead of a person’s name is to make it clear to users that they are communicating with an artificial intelligence, not a real human being.” Altman emphasized this point.

But just as people have many different relationships, people will also develop special relationships with artificial intelligence. But eventually, people will realize that artificial intelligence is different from humans, but our relationship with it will not be broken because of it.

On the other hand, the rapid development of AI also makes people worry about the uncontrollable risks it brings: the use of these systems to commit crimes and the impact on the job market.

Such as commanding AI to invade computer systems or design biological and chemical weapons.

This is not an unreachable future. Since the outbreak of generative AI, the use of AI to conduct fraud and cyberattacks has become commonplace.

But Altman believes that these negative impacts are inevitable as technology develops.

What we need to solve is the risks brought by technology, rather than giving up on development. The latter remains a moral failure for humanity.

In human history, almost every technological revolution will profoundly affect the job market, either completely subverting it or half of the jobs will disappear.

But in fact, when old jobs disappear, new ones are created. This is a testament to human progress, the question is how quickly our society adapts to change.

Within two or at most three generations, humans can adapt to almost any degree of job market change.

There may be people who are unwilling or unwilling to change their jobs, but the nature of their jobs will change.

For a primitive hunter-gatherer tribe, typing in front of a computer couldn’t be a real job.

“Work is just humans trying to entertain themselves with some stupid status game,” Altman said.

The real challenge is dealing with the transition to job market innovation.

Society needs to take action to ensure that people are not harmed in this transition. It is not enough to provide a universal basic income. People need to have the initiative and influence to participate in building the future.

This is why OpenAI is so determined to promote ChatGPT.

Although not everyone can use artificial intelligence technology, as more and more people participate, people will have the opportunity to think about and chart the direction of future development.

This is the most important thing we should pay attention to.

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Satya Nadella did not attend for long and mainly talked about the rise of artificial intelligence and its impact on the company’s data infrastructure such as Azure.

Satya Nadella said in the interview:

 Workloads, workload patterns, and training operations need to be advanced simultaneously, and the amount of data and parallel processing are more complex than before.

 So the first thing we've been doing is collaborating to build the underlying systems, from power to data centers to racks to accelerators to networking, from the way we think about it to actually running it, the way Azure operates has happened A sea change.

 To support these models that OpenAI is enhancing, the company is changing rapidly. So our first job is to build the best system so we can build the best models and then make it all available to developers.

In his keynote speech, Sam Altman said:

 I think we have the best partnership in technology. It's clear that both OpenAI and Microsoft are happy with their collaboration, and the relationship will be even stronger for the foreseeable future, especially as more developers sign up for Azure to use OpenAI's tools and services.

During DevDay, OpenAI announced a plan to allow developers to create their own ChatGPT services without coding. It also launched a preview of its GPT-4 Turbo model, which has “knowledge of world events as of April 2023” and is cheaper to use than ChatGPT 4.

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It is reported that OpenAI CEO Sam Altman has hired former Apple design director Jony Ive to design the “iPhone of AI” and is in in-depth negotiations with SoftBank founder Masayoshi Son on new funding. According to reports, Altman and Ive intend to develop a device that will help users interact with AI more intuitively.

This week, reports surfaced that ChatGPT developer OpenAI was in talks with investors about a potential stock sale that would value the startup at $80 billion-$90 billion. The report, citing unnamed people familiar with the matter, said the valuation was nearly three times the company’s valuation earlier this year.

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In a conversation with Nicolai Tangen, CEO of Norges Bank Investment, a Norwegian sovereign wealth fund, Altman Silicon Valley companies used to do some great research,” Silicon Valley companies used to do some great research, he said. Xerox PARC is a clear example. But that didn’t last very long.”

And Tangen countered, “I’m surprised to hear you say that Silicon Valley doesn’t have a culture of innovation because that’s kind of the opposite of what I think.”

To which Altman responded that Silicon Valley did have a culture of product innovation in the past, but it was clearly missing the mark when it came to groundbreaking research.

Altman also added, “I wasn’t going to say this because it sounds too arrogant. But what was the last really great tech breakthrough by a Silicon Valley company before OpenAI?”

Altman seems to think that Silicon Valley has moved away from innovation because it’s relatively easy and attractive for people to create a “very valuable company” in the shortest possible time using existing technologies like the Internet and cell phones. These existing technologies take up too much talent.”

This isn’t the first time Altman has questioned Silicon Valley’s ability to innovate. Back in 2017, when Altman was president of startup gas pedal Y Combinator, he published a 650-word blog post claiming that Silicon Valley’s politically correct culture was detrimental to startups and new ideas.

Altman isn’t the only one criticizing Silicon Valley’s ability to innovate, either. Techies from Marc Andreessen, a partner at venture capital firm Andreessen Horowitz, to Matt Miller, a partner at Sequoia Capital, have also been critical of Silicon Valley’s approach to innovation.

Since its founding in 2015, Altman’s AI startup OpenAI has grown rapidly. As of April, the company’s valuation had grown to between $27 billion and $29 billion.

Although Altman was a co-founder of OpenAI, he didn’t join the company full-time as CEO until 2019, three years after ChatGPT burst onto the scene.

In addition to running OpenAI, Altman co-developed the digital cryptocurrency WorldCoin and is a major investor in biotech startup Retro Biosciences.

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“We are excited to expand our R&D footprint to London, a city known for its rich culture and exceptional talent pool,” said Diane Yoon, vice president of human resources at OpenAI.

OpenAI, based in San Francisco, has raised more than $10 billion in funding. The company has been on a hiring spree in an effort to commercialize its artificial intelligence research.

OpenAI CEO Sam Altman has previously said the company is looking to open offices in Europe. This suggests that countries such as Poland, France and the United Kingdom could be options.

OpenAI’s announcement of its first overseas office comes as the U.K. and France vie for the position of European tech hub. During his visit to London, Sam Altman met with British Prime Minister Rishi Sunak.

At the time, Altman expressed his dissatisfaction with the way the EU was regulating artificial intelligence. He said that if OpenAI failed to comply with the upcoming regulations, the company could stop operating in Europe. However, he later retracted that statement.

In a June 28 blog post, OpenAI said it would be hiring for research, engineering and commercial positions in London. Altman said London has “world-class talent.

Google is one of OpenAI’s main competitors, with DeepMind, the research lab responsible for the company’s artificial intelligence strategy, also based in London.

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He said that the world’s attention is mainly focused on solving today’s artificial intelligence problems, and the solutions to many problems are very urgent. AI capabilities are growing rapidly and now need to be applied responsibly to the world.

He believes that in the next ten years, AGI will exceed the professional level of humans in the early 1990s, and may eventually exceed the overall productivity of the largest human company. The potential benefits are huge. He also emphasized that advancing AGI safety is one of the most important areas for the industry to find common ground.

Image source Pexels

For GPT-4 from the completion of pre-training to deployment, Sam Altman said that the OpenAI team spent eight months studying how to pre-judge risks and give countermeasures. The team is on the right path, GPT-4 Alignment exceeds all current code. But for more advanced systems, alignment is still an unresolved problem, which requires new technical methods and strengthened governance supervision. After all, the future AGI may be a system of 100,000 lines of binary code, which is difficult for human supervisors to judge. Whether the scaled model is doing something detrimental.

As for whether OpenAI will open the GPT source code, Sam Altman said: At present, OpenAI has open sourced some models, and as time goes by, more models can be expected to be open source. In the future, as the model becomes larger and larger, ensuring correctness will become expensive, and open sourcing everything may not be the optimal path.

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▲ Photo by OpenAI

After meeting with European lawmakers and national leaders last month to discuss the prospects and threats of AI, SamAltman has traveled to Israel, Jordan, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, India and other countries this week, with South Korea as the last stop on his trip this week.

In an AI landscape dominated by China and the U.S., South Korea is one of the few countries to have developed the underlying models on its own, thanks to a strong push from local tech companies such as Naver, Kakao and LG.

Citing statements from Naver executives, the Financial Times reported in May that Naver is working to develop localized AI apps for Middle Eastern countries as well as non-English speaking countries such as Spain and Mexico.

The European Union is moving forward with its draft AI bill, which is expected to take effect later this year. The South Korean parliament is discussing and drafting a similar bill, which is widely believed to be more lenient than the EU’s provisions.

In February, a special committee of the South Korean parliament passed a draft AI law that guarantees the freedom to release AI products and services, and that regulators will only restrict products if they believe they endanger people’s lives and legal rights.

South Korea’s Ministry of Science, Technology, Information and Communications announced plans in April to focus on promoting AI in the country, such as providing data sets for training super-scale AI, while the country continues to discuss AI ethics and regulations.

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▲ Image source OpenAI

“The challenge for the world is how do we manage these risks and make sure that we can still enjoy these enormous benefits and that no one wants to destroy the world,” said Sam Altman, who said the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the United Nations nuclear watchdog, is the world’s An example of how to come together to oversee nuclear power.

Sam Altman also said: “Let’s make sure the world comes together — I hope this place can make a real difference in that.”, hoping to install some guardrails, I think we can do both.”

It was previously reported that in March this year, more than 1,100 people, including Elon Musk and Steve Wozniak, signed an open letter calling for “all artificial intelligence laboratories to immediately suspend training compared to GPT”. -4 more powerful artificial intelligence systems, at least 6 months”. Sam Altman said at the time that the letter “ignored the technical details of our need for a pause,” while acknowledging that OpenAI hadn’t started training GPT-5 and didn’t plan to do so “for now.”

Sam Altman again refuted some voices about artificial intelligence concerns on Wednesday, saying that the company has assessed potential dangers through external audits, red team testing and security testing. “When we completed GPT-4, it took us more than 6 months before it’s ready to be released.”

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The tweet said that Sam Altman met with many European heads of state and had a productive conversation about how to better regulate artificial intelligence in the past week, and attached is a screenshot of the tweet below: Sam Altman said he is very happy to continue operating in the European market and naturally has no plans to leave.

Speaking at an event in London on Wednesday, Sam Altman said OpenAI will work to comply with European regulation before considering an exit. “The current draft EU AI bill would create a situation of over-regulation, but we’re hearing that it will be rolled back,” he said, adding, “They’re still talking about it.”

Earlier this month, EU lawmakers reached consensus on the draft bill. It will now be debated by representatives of the European Parliament, Council and Commission to finalize the bill’s final details.

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The EU is currently working on AI regulations, which could be the world’s first set of rules governing AI. The draft regulations show that companies deploying generative AI tools such as ChatGPT must disclose any copyrighted material used to develop their systems.

Speaking at an event in London on Wednesday, Sam Altmann said OpenAI will work to comply with European regulations before considering withdrawal. “The current draft EU AI bill would create a situation of over-regulation, but we’re hearing that it will be rolled back,” he said, adding, “They’re still talking about it.”

Earlier this month, EU lawmakers reached consensus on the draft bill. It will now be debated by representatives of the European Parliament, Council and Commission to finalize the bill’s final details.

“There are a lot of things they can do, like changing the definition of a generic AI system,” Sam Altmann said, “There are a lot of things they can do.”

Generic AI systems is a category proposed by lawmakers to describe AI tools that have multiple application uses, such as generative AI models like ChatGPT, which is backed by Microsoft. The Phoenix Technology AI Outpost will keep an eye on this.

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