“From 5G to 5G-Advanced, 6G, we can see some of the indicators of improvement, including bandwidth, peak rate, frequency efficiency, energy efficiency, application efficiency, reliability, etc. 6G is more than simply pursuing a decade generation how many times the peak rate, more is the desire to provide efficiency, hope to achieve full coverage of the application scenario, and provide more intelligence.” Wu Hequan said, “So we have to look at what capabilities the 6G network should have from the perspective of terminal development.”

Wu Hequan said that, at present, the form of 6G terminals is likely to be still dominated by smartphones and IoT modules, and the demand for XR, 3D and holographic communication related to the metaverse is not enough to become the core application that drives 6G development at present because it is limited by the head-up display technology.

Wu Hequan said: “Smartphones are still the main application of 6G, calling is the most basic, which is no different from 5G, or even 3G, 4G. What needs to be added is probably the ability to access the satellite Internet, as well as the ability to talk at high movement speeds. 6G’s high bandwidth will make data transmission faster. But unless it’s very large data, users won’t see the difference from 5G or even 4G.”

“6G will be largely used in the industrial sector, where industrial modules need more power, wider channels, more connections, low latency, high precision positioning, high reliability, and direct end-to-end connectivity compared to phones, and the desire to integrate enterprise PLC data acquisition/control functions, edge computing functions, and also open programming. ” Wu Hequan said, “industrial applications to the harsh ambient temperature, to resist electromagnetic interference, seismic, this safety, explosion-proof requirements are strict, but also to be able to work long life and maintenance-free, but because the application of personalized, each factory requirements are different, will lead to industrial modules cost too high, it is difficult to promote.”

In addition to industrial modules, vehicle-mounted terminals can also be seen as industrial modules. Wu Hequan said that the vehicle terminal has its own characteristics, the car and the car can go through, but from the perspective of the network, the car and the car is non-cooperative, in the car network to pay more attention to low latency, high security and high precision positioning, which is also a challenge for 6G. 6G also has a major application is the Internet of things. Wu Hequan said that the IoT terminal does not require high bandwidth, it requires low power consumption, low latency, low cost, large connection, high density, high reliability, precise positioning, long life, so another dimension of 6G terminal is how to do more lightweight, cheaper, simpler, not required to do more complex.

6G uses to terahertz (THz) band transmission capability, which is 1000 times higher than 5G, and network latency is reduced from milliseconds to microseconds.

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First, 6G will be a powerful enabler for the future meta-universe era, supporting various potential application scenarios of the meta-universe, including the consumer meta-universe, the enterprise meta-universe with information interconnection technology as the core, and the industrial meta-universe with industry operation technology as the core. In fact, the core lies in two points: how to enhance human beings themselves; and how to better manipulate the physical world around us through the integration of the digital and physical worlds.

In order to help the future meta-universe era, 6G puts forward the corresponding requirements in terms of design principles of technology.

Sustainability: The main focus is to improve energy consumption per bit, that is, to improve energy efficiency and minimize carbon emissions.

Digital Inclusion: 6G needs to ensure full coverage, which cannot be accomplished by traditional terrestrial communication systems alone, but also requires organic integration of terrestrial, air, space, and even water communication systems, thus ensuring that 6G signals can reach every corner of the earth.

Security and privacy: This is especially important for 6G systems. The reason for this is multifaceted: the large number of devices accessible, the extensive use of artificial intelligence technologies, and various open interfaces, all provide opportunities for potential data interception. The existence of various hybrid clouds, open source, devices from different vendors, etc., all pose potential security risks.

In terms of 6G network architecture, the future 6G system is a network with highly cognitive, automated, specialized, and customized features.

The entire network architecture can be considered in 3 layers.

The first layer is the infrastructure layer. The concept of implementing various network functions on a cloud platform will continue and be enhanced.

The second layer is the network function layer. According to the different needs of different application scenarios, different network capabilities are provided to meet the KPI requirements of various applications, such as transmission latency, reliability, etc.

The third layer is the application layer. Based on the requirements of the respective business, the corresponding data transmission and processing tasks are realized with the help of the network infrastructure layer and functional layer under the arrangement of management and orchestration functions.

Finally, there is the management and orchestration function. This network function enables efficient management based on the KPI requirements of different applications, and also enables the corresponding data transfer with the help of various infrastructures as well as various functions of the network.

Nokia will address the challenges facing 6G through six key technology innovations, including new spectrum technologies, AI-based air interface technologies, pass-through integration technologies, the ultimate network, and technologies that ensure network security and reliability. Nokia calls on the industry to do more research in the prime 7-20 GHz band to explore its potential and drive its potential applications in the 6G era.

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